WebFlux 测试

概述

Spring WebFlux 测试体系基于 Reactor 和 WebTestClient 构建，支持从切片测试到端到端测试的全方位验证。

核心组件：

组件	作用
`WebTestClient`	响应式 Web 客户端，发送请求并验证响应
`@WebFluxTest`	切片测试，仅加载 WebFlux 相关 Bean
`StepVerifier`	Reactor 响应式流断言工具
`MockWebServer` / `WireMock`	模拟外部 HTTP 服务
`@SpringBootTest`	全量集成测试

1. @WebFluxTest 切片测试

@WebFluxTest 仅扫描 @Controller、@RestController、@ControllerAdvice 等 WebFlux 层组件。

java

@WebFluxTest(controllers = UserController.class)
class UserControllerSliceTest {
    @Autowired private WebTestClient webTestClient;

    @Test
    void shouldGetUserById() {
        webTestClient.get().uri("/users/{id}", 1L).exchange()
                .expectStatus().isOk()
                .expectBody()
                .jsonPath("$.id").isEqualTo(1)
                .jsonPath("$.name").isEqualTo("Alice");
    }
}

Mock 协作 Bean

java

@WebFluxTest(controllers = UserController.class)
class UserControllerMockTest {
    @Autowired private WebTestClient webTestClient;
    @MockBean private UserService userService;

    @Test
    void shouldReturnUserWhenServiceReturns() {
        when(userService.findById(1L)).thenReturn(Mono.just(new User(1L, "Alice", "a@b.com")));
        webTestClient.get().uri("/users/{id}", 1L).exchange()
                .expectStatus().isOk()
                .expectBody(User.class)
                .value(user -> assertThat(user.getName()).isEqualTo("Alice"));
    }
}

注意事项： 默认不加载 @Service、@Repository、@Component；Security 时用 @Import(SecurityConfig.class)；Gateway 配合 @AutoConfigureWebFlux。

2. WebTestClient API

2.1 创建方式

java

WebTestClient client = WebTestClient.bindToController(new UserController()).build();
WebTestClient client = WebTestClient.bindToRouterFunction(routerFunction).build();
@Autowired private WebTestClient webTestClient;
WebTestClient client = WebTestClient.bindToServer().baseUrl("http://localhost:8080").build();

2.2 GET 请求

java

webTestClient.get().uri("/users/{id}", 1L).exchange();
webTestClient.get()
        .uri(uriBuilder -> uriBuilder.path("/users")
                .queryParam("page", 0).queryParam("size", 20).build())
        .exchange();
webTestClient.get().uri("/users/me")
        .header("Authorization", "Bearer token123")
        .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
        .exchange();

2.3 POST 请求

java

webTestClient.post().uri("/users")
        .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).bodyValue(newUser)
        .exchange().expectStatus().isCreated().expectHeader().location("/users/3");
webTestClient.post().uri("/login")
        .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED)
        .bodyValue("username=admin&password=secret")
        .exchange().expectStatus().isFound();

2.4 PUT / DELETE / PATCH

java

webTestClient.put().uri("/users/{id}", 1L)
        .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).bodyValue(updatedUser)
        .exchange().expectStatus().isOk();
webTestClient.delete().uri("/users/{id}", 1L).exchange().expectStatus().isNoContent();
webTestClient.patch().uri("/users/{id}", 1L)
        .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
        .bodyValue("{\"name\":\"NewName\"}")
        .exchange().expectStatus().isOk();

2.5 exchange() 核心方法

exchange() 发送请求并获取响应，自动处理订阅，返回 ResponseSpec 用于链式断言。

java

webTestClient.get().uri("/users").exchange()
        .expectStatus().isOk().expectBody().jsonPath("$").isArray();

3. 响应式断言

3.1 expectStatus

java

expectStatus().isOk()              // 200
expectStatus().isCreated()         // 201
expectStatus().isNoContent()       // 204
expectStatus().isFound()           // 302
expectStatus().isBadRequest()      // 400
expectStatus().isUnauthorized()    // 401
expectStatus().isForbidden()       // 403
expectStatus().isNotFound()        // 404
expectStatus().is5xxServerError()  // 5xx
expectStatus().isEqualTo(418)      // 自定义
expectStatus().is2xxSuccessful()
expectStatus().is4xxClientError()

3.2 expectHeader

java

expectHeader().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
expectHeader().location("/users/42")
expectHeader().exists("X-Request-Id")
expectHeader().doesNotExist("X-Deprecated")
expectHeader().string("X-Rate-Limit", "100")
expectHeader().stringMatches("ETag", "\\\"v[0-9]+\\\"")
expectHeader().longValue("Content-Length", 256L)

3.3 expectBody

java

expectBody().isEmpty()
expectBody().json("{\"name\":\"Alice\"}")
expectBody(User.class).value(user -> assertThat(user.getName()).isEqualTo("Alice"))
expectBodyList(User.class).hasSize(3).contains(mockUser1, mockUser2)
expectBody(Map.class).value(map -> assertThat(map).containsKey("total"))

3.4 JSON Path 断言

java

expectBody()
        .jsonPath("$.id").isEqualTo(1)
        .jsonPath("$.name").isEqualTo("Alice")
        .jsonPath("$.tags").isArray()
        .jsonPath("$.tags.length()").isEqualTo(3)
        .jsonPath("$.tags[0]").isEqualTo("admin")
        .jsonPath("$.address.city").isEqualTo("Beijing");

.jsonPath("$.optionalField").doesNotExist()
.jsonPath("$.nullableField").isEmpty()

3.5 消费完整响应

java

expectBody().consumeWith(result -> {
    byte[] raw = result.getResponseBodyContent();
    HttpStatus status = result.getStatus();
    assertThat(status.value()).isEqualTo(200);
});

3.6 Flux 流式断言

java

// 集合方式
webTestClient.get().uri("/users/stream").exchange()
        .expectStatus().isOk().expectBodyList(User.class).hasSize(5);

// StepVerifier 逐元素验证
FluxExchangeResult<User> result = webTestClient.get()
        .uri("/users/stream").exchange().expectStatus().isOk()
        .returnResult(User.class);

StepVerifier.create(result.getResponseBody())
        .expectNextMatches(u -> u.getName().equals("A"))
        .expectNextMatches(u -> u.getName().equals("B"))
        .expectNextCount(3).expectComplete().verify();

3.7 returnResult

java

FluxExchangeResult<String> result = webTestClient.get()
        .uri("/events").accept(MediaType.TEXT_EVENT_STREAM)
        .exchange().expectStatus().isOk().returnResult(String.class);

StepVerifier.create(result.getResponseBody())
        .expectNext("data:event1").expectNext("data:event2")
        .thenCancel().verify();

4. Mock 外部 HTTP 服务

外部 HTTP 接口使用 MockWebServer 或 WireMock 模拟。

4.1 OkHttp MockWebServer

xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
    <artifactId>mockwebserver</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

java

class ExternalServiceMockTest {
    private MockWebServer mockWebServer;
    private ExternalServiceClient externalServiceClient;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        mockWebServer = new MockWebServer();
        WebClient webClient = WebClient.builder()
                .baseUrl(mockWebServer.url("/").toString()).build();
        externalServiceClient = new ExternalServiceClient(webClient);
    }

    @AfterEach
    void tearDown() throws IOException { mockWebServer.shutdown(); }

    @Test
    void shouldMockSuccessResponse() {
        mockWebServer.enqueue(new MockResponse()
                .setResponseCode(200).setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json")
                .setBody("{\"result\":\"success\"}"));

        StepVerifier.create(externalServiceClient.fetchData())
                .expectNextMatches(json -> json.contains("success")).verifyComplete();

        assertThat(mockWebServer.takeRequest().getMethod()).isEqualTo("GET");
    }

    @Test
    void shouldHandleError() {
        mockWebServer.enqueue(new MockResponse().setResponseCode(503).setBody("{\"error\":\"unavailable\"}"));
        StepVerifier.create(externalServiceClient.fetchData())
                .expectError(WebClientResponseException.class).verify();
    }
}

4.2 WireMock

xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.wiremock</groupId>
    <artifactId>wiremock-standalone</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

java

@WireMockTest(httpPort = 9090)
class ExternalServiceWireMockTest {
    private ExternalServiceClient client;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        client = new ExternalServiceClient(
                WebClient.builder().baseUrl("http://localhost:9090").build());
    }

    @Test
    void shouldStubGetRequest() {
        stubFor(get(urlEqualTo("/api/v1/users/1")).willReturn(aResponse()
                .withStatus(200).withHeader("Content-Type", "application/json")
                .withBody("{\"id\":1,\"name\":\"Alice\"}")));
        StepVerifier.create(client.getUser(1L))
                .assertNext(user -> assertThat(user.getName()).isEqualTo("Alice"))
                .verifyComplete();
    }

    @Test
    void shouldVerifyRequestHistory() {
        stubFor(get(urlPathEqualTo("/api/v1/users")).willReturn(aResponse().withStatus(200)));
        client.getUser(1L).block(); client.getUser(2L).block();
        verify(2, getRequestedFor(urlPathEqualTo("/api/v1/users")));
    }

    @Test
    void shouldSimulateTimeout() {
        stubFor(get(urlEqualTo("/api/v1/slow")).willReturn(aResponse().withFixedDelay(5000)));
        StepVerifier.create(client.fetchSlowData().timeout(Duration.ofSeconds(2)))
                .expectError(TimeoutException.class).verify();
    }
}

4.3 @MockBean + WebTestClient 集成

java

@WebFluxTest(controllers = GatewayController.class)
class GatewayControllerMockTest {
    @Autowired private WebTestClient webTestClient;
    @MockBean private ExternalServiceClient externalServiceClient;

    @Test
    void shouldReturnProxiedResponse() {
        when(externalServiceClient.fetchData()).thenReturn(Mono.just("{\"status\":\"ok\"}"));
        webTestClient.get().uri("/gateway/data").exchange()
                .expectStatus().isOk()
                .expectBody().jsonPath("$.status").isEqualTo("ok");
    }
}

5. 端到端测试

5.1 @SpringBootTest + WebTestClient

java

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
class UserE2ETest {
    @Autowired private WebTestClient webTestClient;

    @Test
    void fullUserLifecycle() {
        String location = webTestClient.post().uri("/api/users")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .bodyValue(new CreateUserRequest("Eve", "eve@example.com"))
                .exchange().expectStatus().isCreated().expectHeader().exists("Location")
                .returnResult().getResponseHeaders().getLocation().toString();

        webTestClient.get().uri(location).exchange().expectStatus().isOk()
                .expectBody().jsonPath("$.name").isEqualTo("Eve");

        webTestClient.put().uri(location).contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .bodyValue(new UpdateUserRequest("Eve Updated"))
                .exchange().expectStatus().isOk()
                .expectBody().jsonPath("$.name").isEqualTo("Eve Updated");

        webTestClient.delete().uri(location).exchange().expectStatus().isNoContent();
        webTestClient.get().uri(location).exchange().expectStatus().isNotFound();
    }

    @Test
    void shouldReturnValidationErrors() {
        webTestClient.post().uri("/api/users").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .bodyValue("{\"email\":\"invalid\"}")
                .exchange().expectStatus().isBadRequest()
                .expectBody().jsonPath("$.errors[0].field").isEqualTo("name");
    }
}

5.2 TestContainers 集成

java

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) @Testcontainers
class UserIntegrationTest {
    @Container
    static MongoDBContainer mongo = new MongoDBContainer("mongo:7.0");

    @DynamicPropertySource
    static void configure(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
        registry.add("spring.data.mongodb.uri", mongo::getReplicaSetUrl);
    }

    @Autowired private WebTestClient webTestClient;

    @Test void shouldPersistAndRetrieveUser() { /* 业务测试 */ }
}

6. 自定义测试配置

6.1 覆盖 WebTestClient

java

@TestConfiguration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
class TestWebClientConfig {
    @Bean
    public WebTestClient webTestClient(WebTestClient.Builder builder) {
        return builder.baseUrl("http://localhost:8080")
                .defaultHeader("X-Tenant-Id", "default")
                .filter(ExchangeFilterFunctions.basicAuthentication("test", "test123"))
                .build();
    }
}

6.2 排除自动配置

java

@WebFluxTest(controllers = UserController.class,
        excludeAutoConfiguration = { ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration.class })
class UserControllerWithoutSecurityTest { }

6.3 @TestPropertySource

java

@WebFluxTest(controllers = ConfigController.class)
@TestPropertySource(properties = { "app.feature.flag=true", "app.timeout=500ms" })
class ConfigControllerTest {
    @Autowired private WebTestClient webTestClient;

    @Test
    void shouldResolveProperties() {
        webTestClient.get().uri("/api/config").exchange()
                .expectBody().jsonPath("$.flag").isEqualTo(true);
    }
}

6.4 自定义 MockBean 工厂

java

@WebFluxTest(controllers = OrderController.class)
@Import(OrderServiceMockConfig.class)
class OrderControllerWithMockTest { }

@TestConfiguration
class OrderServiceMockConfig {
    @Bean @Primary
    OrderService orderService() {
        OrderService mock = mock(OrderService.class);
        when(mock.findById(anyLong())).thenReturn(Mono.just(new Order(1L, "DELIVERED")));
        return mock;
    }
}

7. 实战：全链路测试模板

7.1 Controller 切片测试

java

@WebFluxTest(controllers = UserController.class)
class UserControllerTest {
    @Autowired private WebTestClient webTestClient;
    @MockBean private UserService userService;

    @Test
    void getUserById_ShouldReturn200_WhenUserExists() {
        when(userService.findById(1L)).thenReturn(Mono.just(new User(1L, "Alice", "a@t.com")));
        webTestClient.get().uri("/api/users/{id}", 1L).exchange()
                .expectStatus().isOk()
                .expectBody().jsonPath("$.id").isEqualTo(1).jsonPath("$.name").isEqualTo("Alice");
    }

    @Test
    void getUserById_ShouldReturn404_WhenUserNotFound() {
        when(userService.findById(99L)).thenReturn(Mono.empty());
        webTestClient.get().uri("/api/users/{id}", 99L).exchange()
                .expectStatus().isNotFound().expectBody().isEmpty();
    }

    @Test
    void createUser_ShouldReturn201_WhenValid() {
        when(userService.create(any())).thenReturn(Mono.just(new User(42L, "Bob", "bob@t.com")));
        webTestClient.post().uri("/api/users").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .bodyValue(new CreateUserRequest("Bob", "bob@test.com")).exchange()
                .expectStatus().isCreated().expectHeader().exists("Location")
                .expectHeader().stringMatches("Location", ".*/api/users/42")
                .expectBody().jsonPath("$.id").isEqualTo(42).jsonPath("$.name").isEqualTo("Bob");
    }

    @Test
    void createUser_ShouldReturn400_WhenValidationFails() {
        webTestClient.post().uri("/api/users").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .bodyValue(new CreateUserRequest("", "bob@test.com"))
                .exchange().expectStatus().isBadRequest()
                .expectBody().jsonPath("$.errors[0].field").isEqualTo("name");
    }

    @Test
    void deleteUser_ShouldReturn204() {
        when(userService.deleteById(1L)).thenReturn(Mono.empty());
        webTestClient.delete().uri("/api/users/{id}", 1L).exchange()
                .expectStatus().isNoContent().expectBody().isEmpty();
    }

    @Test
    void searchUsers_ShouldReturnPagedResult() {
        when(userService.search(anyString(), any()))
                .thenReturn(Mono.just(new PageResult<>(
                        List.of(new User(1L, "Alice", "a@t.com")), 1, 0, 10)));
        webTestClient.get()
                .uri(uriBuilder -> uriBuilder.path("/api/users/search")
                        .queryParam("q", "Ali").queryParam("page", 0).queryParam("size", 10).build())
                .exchange().expectStatus().isOk()
                .expectBody()
                .jsonPath("$.totalElements").isEqualTo(1)
                .jsonPath("$.content[0].name").isEqualTo("Alice");
    }
}

7.2 端到端测试（含外部 Mock）

java

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@WireMockTest(httpPort = 9090)
class UserFullChainTest {
    @Autowired private WebTestClient webTestClient;
    @Autowired private ReactiveUserRepository userRepository;
    private static MockWebServer mockNotificationServer;

    @BeforeAll
    static void startMockServers() throws IOException {
        mockNotificationServer = new MockWebServer();
        mockNotificationServer.start(9091);
    }

    @AfterAll
    static void stopMockServers() throws IOException { mockNotificationServer.shutdown(); }

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        userRepository.deleteAll().block();
        userRepository.save(new User(null, "Alice", "alice@test.com")).block();
        WireMock.reset();
        mockNotificationServer.enqueue(new MockResponse().setResponseCode(200).setBody("{}"));
    }

    @Test
    void fullCreateUserFlow() {
        webTestClient.get().uri("/api/users").exchange()
                .expectStatus().isOk().expectBodyList(User.class).hasSize(1);

        stubFor(post(urlEqualTo("/notify"))
                .willReturn(aResponse().withStatus(200).withBody("{\"status\":\"ok\"}")));

        webTestClient.post().uri("/api/users").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .bodyValue(new CreateUserRequest("Bob", "bob@test.com"))
                .exchange().expectStatus().isCreated()
                .expectBody().jsonPath("$.name").isEqualTo("Bob");

        verify(postRequestedFor(urlEqualTo("/notify"))
                .withRequestBody(matchingJsonPath("$.type")));
    }

    @Test
    void shouldHandleExternalServiceFailure() {
        stubFor(post(urlEqualTo("/notify"))
                .willReturn(aResponse().withStatus(500).withBody("{\"error\":\"internal\"}")));

        webTestClient.post().uri("/api/users").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .bodyValue(new CreateUserRequest("Carol", "carol@test.com"))
                .exchange().expectStatus().isEqualTo(207).expectBody()
                .jsonPath("$.userCreated").isEqualTo(true)
                .jsonPath("$.notificationSent").isEqualTo(false);
    }
}

7.3 外部服务 Mock 工具类

java

public class ReactiveMockServer implements AutoCloseable {
    private final MockWebServer server;
    public ReactiveMockServer() { this.server = new MockWebServer(); }
    public void start() {
        try { server.start(); } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
    }
    public void shutdown() { try { server.shutdown(); } catch (IOException e) { } }
    public String baseUrl() { return server.url("/").toString(); }
    public WebClient createWebClient() {
        return WebClient.builder().baseUrl(baseUrl()).build();
    }
    public ReactiveMockServer enqueue(int status, String body) {
        server.enqueue(new MockResponse().setResponseCode(status)
                .setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json").setBody(body));
        return this;
    }
    @Override public void close() { shutdown(); }
}

8. 最佳实践

8.1 统一测试基类

java

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureWebTestClient(timeout = "PT30S") @Testcontainers
public abstract class BaseIntegrationTest {
    @Container
    static MongoDBContainer mongo = new MongoDBContainer("mongo:7.0");
    @Autowired protected WebTestClient webTestClient;

    @DynamicPropertySource
    static void configure(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
        registry.add("spring.data.mongodb.uri", mongo::getReplicaSetUrl);
    }
}

class UserIntegrationTest extends BaseIntegrationTest {
    @Test
    void shouldCreateUser() {
        webTestClient.post().uri("/api/users")
                .bodyValue(new CreateUserRequest("X", "x@test.com"))
                .exchange().expectStatus().isCreated();
    }
}

8.2 断言工具方法

java

public class TestAssertions {
    public static WebTestClient.ResponseSpec expectPaginated(
            WebTestClient.ResponseSpec spec, int total) {
        return spec.expectStatus().isOk().expectBody()
                .jsonPath("$.totalElements").isEqualTo(total)
                .jsonPath("$.content").isArray().and();
    }
    public static WebTestClient.ResponseSpec expectValidationError(
            WebTestClient.ResponseSpec spec, String field) {
        return spec.expectStatus().isBadRequest().expectBody()
                .jsonPath("$.errors[?(@.field=='%s')]", field).exists().and();
    }
}

8.3 性能与超时

java

@SpringBootTest(properties = { "server.response-timeout=5s" })
@AutoConfigureWebTestClient(timeout = "PT60S")
class PerformanceAwareTest {
    @Autowired private WebTestClient webTestClient;

    @Test
    void shouldRespondWithinLimit() {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        webTestClient.get().uri("/users").exchange().expectStatus().isOk();
        assertThat(System.currentTimeMillis() - start).isLessThan(2000);
    }
}

9. 常见问题

WebTestClient 未自动注入： 添加 @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = RANDOM_PORT) 或 @WebFluxTest。

响应式断言失败（No body returned）： 空流时用 StepVerifier 替代 expectBodyList：

java

FluxExchangeResult<User> result = webTestClient.get()
        .uri("/users/stream").exchange().returnResult(User.class);
StepVerifier.create(result.getResponseBody())
        .expectNextCount(0).expectComplete().verify();

MockWebServer 端口冲突： server.start(0) 使用随机端口。
测试间数据污染： 每次 @BeforeEach 中 repository.deleteAll().block()，或用 @Transactional。

10. 总结

测试类型	适用场景	注解/工具
切片测试	仅测试 Controller	`@WebFluxTest` + `@MockBean`
外部服务 Mock	依赖第三方 HTTP	`MockWebServer` / `WireMock`
端到端测试	完整系统链路	`@SpringBootTest` + `WebTestClient`
流式断言	Flux / SSE	`StepVerifier` + `FluxExchangeResult`

核心原则：

切片测试为主：速度快，聚焦 Controller 逻辑
外部服务必 Mock：避免依赖不稳定网络
响应式断言不可少：StepVerifier 验证响应式流
端到端测试保底：确保模块间协作正常

WebFlux 测试 ​

概述 ​

1. @WebFluxTest 切片测试 ​

Mock 协作 Bean ​

2. WebTestClient API ​

2.1 创建方式 ​

2.2 GET 请求 ​

2.3 POST 请求 ​

2.4 PUT / DELETE / PATCH ​

2.5 exchange() 核心方法 ​

3. 响应式断言 ​

3.1 expectStatus ​

3.2 expectHeader ​

3.3 expectBody ​

3.4 JSON Path 断言 ​

3.5 消费完整响应 ​

3.6 Flux 流式断言 ​

3.7 returnResult ​

4. Mock 外部 HTTP 服务 ​

4.1 OkHttp MockWebServer ​

4.2 WireMock ​

4.3 @MockBean + WebTestClient 集成 ​

5. 端到端测试 ​

5.1 @SpringBootTest + WebTestClient ​

5.2 TestContainers 集成 ​

6. 自定义测试配置 ​

6.1 覆盖 WebTestClient ​

6.2 排除自动配置 ​

6.3 @TestPropertySource ​

6.4 自定义 MockBean 工厂 ​

7. 实战：全链路测试模板 ​

7.1 Controller 切片测试 ​

7.2 端到端测试（含外部 Mock） ​

7.3 外部服务 Mock 工具类 ​

8. 最佳实践 ​

8.1 统一测试基类 ​

8.2 断言工具方法 ​

8.3 性能与超时 ​

9. 常见问题 ​

10. 总结 ​

WebFlux 测试

概述

1. @WebFluxTest 切片测试

Mock 协作 Bean

2. WebTestClient API

2.1 创建方式

2.2 GET 请求

2.3 POST 请求

2.4 PUT / DELETE / PATCH

2.5 exchange() 核心方法

3. 响应式断言

3.1 expectStatus

3.2 expectHeader

3.3 expectBody

3.4 JSON Path 断言

3.5 消费完整响应

3.6 Flux 流式断言

3.7 returnResult

4. Mock 外部 HTTP 服务

4.1 OkHttp MockWebServer

4.2 WireMock

4.3 @MockBean + WebTestClient 集成

5. 端到端测试

5.1 @SpringBootTest + WebTestClient

5.2 TestContainers 集成

6. 自定义测试配置

6.1 覆盖 WebTestClient

6.2 排除自动配置

6.3 @TestPropertySource

6.4 自定义 MockBean 工厂

7. 实战：全链路测试模板

7.1 Controller 切片测试

7.2 端到端测试（含外部 Mock）

7.3 外部服务 Mock 工具类

8. 最佳实践

8.1 统一测试基类

8.2 断言工具方法

8.3 性能与超时

9. 常见问题

10. 总结